Production and Business Operations Concepts: types, factors, functions, planning & production system, operations history & associated elements, inputs transformation processes, basic tools & techniques of production management, distinguish product, service, core services and value-added services, Capacity Alternative & Sustainability of Entrepreneur: balancing of demand & capacity, adjusting demand-output,Financial Analysis - Payback period, NPV & IRR, and breakeven point, Job Design and Work Measurement: Job structure & design decisions,Physical issue–physiology & ergonomics, work methods and measurement– vital issues and techniques (OT/ST/NT, SET, PDTS, etc.), and compensation systems & incentive plans, AF & PFD, Operations Scheduling (OS): objectives, functions, & types, OS methods- index, critical path, and critical ratio (FCFS, SPT & EDD), Johnson’s rule, Project Management(PM),JIT Strategy and Kanban System: project types and characteristics, PM techniques - network, PERT & CPM, GANTT chart, JIT & Kanban concepts,benefits, JIT product & process design, Kanban origins, types,& development, JIT & Kanban under kaizen, Supply Chain management (SCM): concept, benefits, elements&integrated SCM, international/global SCM, etc. Quality Control and Total Quality Management (TQM): concepts, costs of poor quality- Internal/external failure, appraisal, and prevention, dimensions of quality &TQM principles/aspects/steps, and elements (customer satisfaction, continuous improvement & employee involvement), and PDCA cycle, TQM Experts: Deming’s philosophy, wheel&14-points, Juran’s quality trilogy & 5-dimensions, P. Crosby’s 4-absolutes, and fish-bone model of Ishikawa.