Power plants: general layout and principles, steam turbine, gas turbine, combined cycle gas turbine, hydro and nuclear. Power plant instrumentation; plant performance and operation characteristics. Selection of location and type of plants: Technical, economical and environmental factors. Load forecasting. Generation scheduling: deterministic and probabilistic. Load curves: demand factor, load factor, diversity factor, plant factor, use factor, capacity factor and load curve, load duration curve, load energy curve. Electricity tariff: formulation and types. Renewable energy sources: Solar Photovoltaic: Characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, PV models and equivalent circuits, Sizing the PV panel and battery pack in stand-alone PV applications. Modern solar energy applications (residential, electric vehicle, naval, and space). Wind turbines: Wind turbine types and their comparison, power limitation.